Extra-Ordinary Bitter

Extra Ordinary BitterJust a quick write-up on yesterday’s brew…

Since last year’s vow of small beers (under 5%), I’ve become a little obsessed with a good English bitter, something that’s a bit of a rarity this side of the Atlantic. Yesterday’s was the lowest grain volume I’ve used, and also the 3rd batch in a row with really excellent efficiency (I hit 80% on this batch). I’ve achieved this by stirring thoroughly part-way through the mash, at the mash-out infusion, and at the second batch sparge infusion, not by adjusting my grind or increasing my sparge rate, which feels like a good way to go about doing it.

Pretty simple recipe, the only variation is that I subbed part of the 2-row base with wheat malt, just so that I could brew it with ingredients I had on-hand. I’ve become enamored with this particular combination of crystal malts in a bitter, just scaling up and down the base malt.

Style: 8A-English Pale Ale-Standard/Ordinary Bitter
Recipe Overview

Wort Volume Before Boil: 6.60 US gals
Wort Volume After Boil: 5.25 US gals
Final Batch Volume: 5.02 US gals
Expected Pre-Boil Gravity: 1.030 SG
Expected OG: 1.038 SG
Expected FG: 1.010 SG
Expected ABV: 3.7 %
Expected ABW: 2.9 %
Expected IBU (using Daniels): 26.8
Expected Color: 11.1 SRM
Apparent Attenuation: 72.9 %
Mash Efficiency: 80.0 %
Boil Duration: 60.0 mins
Fermentation Temperature: 64 degF

Fermentables
UK Pale Ale Malt 5lb 0oz (73.4 %) In Mash/Steeped
German Wheat Malt 1lb 0oz (14.7 %) In Mash/Steeped
UK Dark Crystal 8.00 oz (7.3 %) In Mash/Steeped
UK Medium Crystal 4.00 oz (3.7 %) In Mash/Steeped
UK Chocolate Malt 1.00 oz (0.9 %) In Mash/Steeped

Hops
UK Golding (4.9 % alpha) 1.00 oz Loose Pellet Hops used First Wort Hopped
UK Golding (4.9 % alpha) 0.50 oz Loose Pellet Hops used 25 Min From End
UK Golding (4.9 % alpha) 1.00 oz Loose Pellet Hops used At turn off

Yeast: Wyeast 1318-London Ale III

Mash Schedule
Mash Type: Full Mash
Schedule Name:Single Step Infusion (66C/151F)
Step: Rest at 151 degF for 60 mins

French Saison brewday recap

Bubbling airlock with star-san foamWith the brewday behind me and fermentation going strong, it’s time to reflect on what went well and what didn’t, as always.

First of all, the recipe got altered on brewday. I had originally scheduled for only 4 pounds of wheat, but upon calculating what I was going to get for an original gravity, and noting that it will be September before this hits the keg realistically, I decided to go for 7 pounds to push the ABV up around 6%.

Second of all, my buddy brought over his scale (yes, I still don’t have a scale), which allowed me to stop my guesstimating of wheat volume, and actually know *exactly* what was going in. As I expected, my efficiency goes down whenever I use my own milled wheat, but more on that later.

Lastly, whenever I’ve been using more than 30% wheat, I’ve been doing a protein rest. This has thrown my game off everytime, as I am used to a single infusion and ramping up to mash-out. I keep doing my protein rest, going to saccharification rest, then forgetting my mash out. This time I got my whole mash transferred to my lauter tun before realizing it, and decided to skip the mash out rest. This may have contributed to my low efficiency more than I want to give it credit for, but it’s a factor nevertheless.

Upskirt shot of fermentationInstead of my expected 75% efficiency, I hit 65%, which made me glad I bumped up the grain bill. I also had way more hops than I needed for the lower grain bill, so I’m glad to have more gravity points to balance it out.

As to my wheat efficiency, well, I bought a Corona mill a few months back, and I’ve been pretty disappointed with it overall. It seems unable to produce a good crush for barley (big chunks or totally mangling the hulls), and on the wheat, well, I have it cranked down to it’s finest setting, and some bigger chunks still come out. Before I write it off forever as unable to provide good efficiency, I’m going to try double-milling the wheat next batch. My alternative is just use more wheat to make up for the lack of efficiency, and as I have a surplus of free wheat malt at the moment, it’s not really a big deal to do that, it’s just more grain to manage in the mash and lauter tun.

And as for the hops, well, it’s going to be hoppy. Never one to let hops sit on their laurels, I structured my additions to keep the IBUs down, but to use all my hops (2oz each Cascade and Centennial). I’m looking forward to the flavor and aroma profile.

Improvements in efficiency

saisonI have been frustrated recently with some apparent reductions in my brewhouse efficiency. I’ve been striving to continually improve my processes, and it has seemingly been decreasing my efficiency. That’s a tough thing to realize for the beginning brewer.

Fortunately, this week I read a couple articles that brought to light some corrections to my process which helped this weekend, and I achieved a 20% improvement in efficiency.

The first lesson I learned was to make sure that you adjust your gravity reading for temperature. I had read, and been practicing, that you should stop sparging your mash after the gravity reaches 1.008. This number is much lower, closer to 1.000 if your sparge water is 170F. I had stopped my sparging early on a number of occasions, trying not to over-sparge my grains.

Lesson number two was to make sure that your mash isn’t too thick. I had been using a 1:1 ratio of  quarts of water to pounds of grain in my mash. I upped it to 1.4:1 this time, which has the added benefit of increased thermal stability due to an increase in overall mass.

This week’s recipe was a Saison that fell apart due to missing ingredients.

Actual OG: 1.070
Volume At Pitching: 6.25 US gals
Expected OG: 1.056 SG
Expected FG: 1.013 SG
Boil Duration: 60.0 mins

UK Pale Ale Malt 11lb 0oz (84.6 %) In Mash/Steeped
UK Munich Malt 1lb 0oz (7.7 %) In Mash/Steeped
German CaraMunich II 1lb 0oz (7.7 %) In Mash/Steeped

Tettnang (5.5 % alpha) 1.75 oz Loose Pellet Hops used 60 Min From End
Tettnang (5.5 % alpha) 1.75 oz Loose Pellet Hops used At turn off

Yeast: Fermentis T-58

Mash at 148 degF for 60 mins